IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Daryanto, Stefani"

Browsing by Author "Daryanto, Stefani"

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Can ridge-furrow plastic mulching replace irrigation in dryland wheat and maize cropping systems?
(Elsevier, 2017-08) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André; Earth Science, School of Science
Dryland crop production requires significant water investments, but problems associated with irrigation have been observed in many dryland regions (e.g., China, Australia and the Mediterranean basin). A key strategy for maintaining crop yields without over-exploiting the scarce water resource is by increasing water use efficiency (WUE). Plastic mulching technology for wheat and maize has been commonly used in China, but their effect on yield, soil water content, evapotranspiration (ET), and WUE has not been compared with traditional irrigation. Using a meta-analysis approach, we quantitatively examined the efficacy of plastic mulching in comparison with traditional irrigation in the same region. By covering the ridges with plastic and channeling rainwater into a very narrow planting zone (furrow), our results showed that plastic mulching resulted in a yield increase comparable to irrigated crops but used 24% less water in comparison with irrigation due primarily to a much greater WUE and better retention of soil water. The higher WUE in plastic-mulched croplands was likely a result of a greater proportion of available water being used for transpiration (T) than evaporation (E). Currently production costs and residual plastic pollution hinder worldwide adoption of the technique, despite being a promising strategy for dryland cropping systems.
Drought effects on root and tuber production: A meta-analysis
(Elsevier, 2016-10) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André; Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science
Roots and tubers such as potatoes and cassava rank within the top six among the world’s most important food crops, yet the extent to which their global production has been adversely affected by drought remains unclear. Greater uncertainties exist on how drought effects co-vary with: (1) root and tuber species, (2) soil texture, (3) agro-ecological region, and 4) drought timing. It is often assumed that potato is drought-sensitive whereas cassava and sweet potato are resistant to drought, but this assumption has not been quantitatively tested. To address these uncertainties, we collected literature data between 1980 and 2015 that reported monoculture root and tuber yield responses to drought under field conditions, and analyzed this large data set using meta-analysis technique. Our results showed that the amount of water reduction was positively related with yield reduction, but the extent of the impact varied with root or tuber species and the phenological phase during which drought occurred. In contrast to common assumptions regarding drought resistance of certain root and tuber crops, we found that yield reduction was similar between potato and species thought to be drought-resistant such as cassava and sweet potato. Here we suggest that drought-resistance in cassava and sweet potato could be more related to survival rather than yield. All root or tuber crops, however, experienced greater yield reduction when drought struck during the tuberization period compared to during their vegetative phase. The effect of soil texture on yield reduction was less obvious, and similarly we did not find any significant effects of region (and related climatic factors) on either yield reduction or drought sensitivity. Our study provides useful information that can inform agricultural planning, and influence the direction of research for improving the productivity and resilience of these under-utilized crops in the drought-prone regions of the world.
Excessive Accumulation of Chinese Fir Litter Inhibits Its Own Seedling Emergence and Early Growth—A Greenhouse Perspective
(MDPI, 2017-09-11) Liu, Bo; Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Li, Yanjuan; Liu, Qingqing; Zhao, Chong; Wang, Zhengning; Earth Science, School of Science
Litter accumulation can strongly influence plants’ natural regeneration via both physical and chemical mechanisms, but the relative influence of each mechanism on seedling establishment remains to be elucidated. Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is one of the most important commercial plantations in southern China, but its natural regeneration is poor, possibly due to its thick leaf litter accumulation. We used natural and plastic litter to study the effects of Chinese fir litter on its own seedling emergence and early growth, as well as to assess whether the effect is physical or chemical in nature. Results showed that high litter amount (800 g·m−2) significantly reduced seedling emergence and the survival rate for both natural and plastic litter. Low litter amount (200 g·m−2) exerted a slightly positive effect on root mass, leaf mass, and total mass, while high litter amount significantly inhibited root mass, leaf mass, and total mass for both natural and plastic litter. Root-mass ratio was significantly lower, and leaf-mass ratio was significantly greater under high litter cover than under control for both natural and plastic litter. Although the root/shoot ratio decreased with increasing litter amount, such effect was only significant for high litter treatment for both natural and plastic litter. Seedling robustness (aboveground biomass divided by seedling height) decreased with increasing litter amount, with high litter treatment generating the least robust seedlings. Because plastic and natural litter did not differ in their effects on seedling emergence and growth, the litter layer’s short-term influence is primarily physical. These data indicated that as litter cover increased, the initial slightly positive effects on seedling emergence and early growth could shift to inhibitory effects. Furthermore, to penetrate the thick litter layer, Chinese fir seedlings allocated more resources towards stems and aboveground growth at the expense of their roots. This study provided experimental evidence of litter amount as a key ecological factor affecting seedling development and subsequent natural regeneration of Chinese fir.
Global synthesis of drought effects on cereal production
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André
Abstract Drought has been a major cause of agricultural disaster, yet how various factors (e.g., crop species, phenological phases) affect the vulnerability of cereal agriculture to drought remains unclear. Using a data synthesis approach, this study aims to better characterize the effects of these factors and to provide critical information on minimizing yield loss. We collected data from peer-reviewed publications between 1980 and 2015 which examined cereal yield responses to drought using field experiments. We performed unweighted analysis using the log response ratio to calculate the bootstrapped confidence limits of yield responses and calculated drought sensitivities for several key factors. Our results showed that yield reduction varied with species, with wheat having lower sensitivity to drought and yield reduction (20.6%) compared to maize (39.3%) at approximately 60% water reduction. Drought that occurred during the reproductive phase caused greater yield reduction (30%) than when it occurred during the vegetative phase (20%). While cereal cultivation in the drylands was more prone to yield loss than in the non-dryland regions, no difference was observed among sites of different soil texture. Informed by these results, we discuss possible causes and low-cost strategies that may minimize drought effect on crop yield.
Global synthesis of drought effects on cereal, legume, tuber and root crops production: A review
(Elsevier, 2017-01) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André; Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science
As a result of climate change, drought is predicted to pose greater pressure on food production system than in the past. At the same time, crop yield co-varies with both environmental (e.g., water, temperature, aridity) and agronomic variables (i.e., crop species, soil texture, phenological phase). To improve our quantitative understanding on the effects of these co-varying factors on agricultural productivity, we synthesized previous meta-analysis studies summarizing the results of numerous independent field experiments on drought and its effect on the production of cereal, legume, root and/or tuber (root/tuber) crops. We also included new crops species that were not covered in previous meta-analyses and the effects of heat stress. Our results indicated that cereals tended to be more drought resistant than legumes and root/tubers. Most crops were more sensitive to drought during their reproductive (i.e., grains filling, tuber initiation) than during their vegetative phase, except for wheat, which was also sensitive during vegetative phase. Recovery from drought impact at reproductive phase was either: (i) unfeasible for crops experiencing damage to their reproductive organs (e.g., maize, rice) or (ii) limited for root/tuber crops, provided that water was abundant during the subsequent root/tuber bulking period. Across soil texture, the variability of yield reduction for cereals was also lower in comparison to legume or root/tuber crops, probably due to the extensive and deep rooting system of cereal crops. As crop species, plant phenology, and soil texture were important co-varying factors in determining drought-induced crop yield reduction, no single approach would be sufficient to improve crop performance during drought. Consequently, a combination of approaches, particularly site-specific management practices that consider soil conditions (i.e., intercropping, mulching, and crop rotation) and selection of crop varieties adjusted to the local climate should be adopted in order to improve the sustainability of agricultural production in a changing climate.
Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Food Legume Production
(PLOS, 2015-06-10) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André; Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science
Food legume crops play important roles in conservation farming systems and contribute to food security in the developing world. However, in many regions of the world, their production has been adversely affected by drought. Although water scarcity is a severe abiotic constraint of legume crops productivity, it remains unclear how the effects of drought co-vary with legume species, soil texture, agroclimatic region, and drought timing. To address these uncertainties, we collected literature data between 1980 and 2014 that reported monoculture legume yield responses to drought under field conditions, and analyzed this data set using meta-analysis techniques. Our results showed that the amount of water reduction was positively related with yield reduction, but the extent of the impact varied with legume species and the phenological state during which drought occurred. Overall, lentil ( Lens culinaris ), groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ), and pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan ) were found to experience lower drought-induced yield reduction compared to legumes such as cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) and green gram ( Vigna radiate ). Yield reduction was generally greater when legumes experienced drought during their reproductive stage compared to during their vegetative stage. Legumes grown in soil with medium texture also exhibited greater yield reduction compared to those planted on soil of either coarse or fine texture. In contrast, regions and their associated climatic factors did not significantly affect legume yield reduction. In the face of changing climate, our study provides useful information for agricultural planning and research directions for development of drought-resistant legume species to improve adaptation and resilience of agricultural systems in the drought-prone regions of the world.
Global synthesis of drought effects on food legume production
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André
Food legume crops play important roles in conservation farming systems, contribute to human nutrition and food security, yet in many regions of the world, their production has been adversely affected by drought. Currently, it remains unclear how the effects drought co-vary with legume species, soil texture, agroclimatic region, drought timing and intensity. To address these uncertainties, we collected literature data (1705 data points, averaged into 676 data points) between 1980 and 2014 that reported monoculture legume yield responses to drought under field conditions and analyzed this extensive data set using metaanalysis techniques. We performed unweighted analysis using the log response ratio (lnR) to calculate the bootstrapped confidence limits of those responses for each potential factor. Our results indicated that the amount of water reduction was positively related with yield reduction, but the extent of the impact varied with legume species and the phenological state during which drought occurred. Overall, field pea (Pisum sativum), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) were found to experience lower yield reduction due to drought compared to legumes such as lablab beans (Dolichos lablab) or black grams (Vigna mungo). Although yield reduction was generally greater when legumes experienced drought during their reproductive stage compared to during their vegetative stage, legumes were sensitive to drought at all growth stages. Legumes planted in medium-textured soils also exhibited greater yield reduction compared to those planted in coarse- or fine-textured soils. In contrast, regions and their associated climatic factors were less associated with legume yield reduction. The study provides useful insights for legume agricultural planning and the direction of potential development of drought-resistant legume species to improve food security in the drought-prone regions of the world.
Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Maize and Wheat Production
(PLOS, 2016-05-25) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André; Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science
Drought has been a major cause of agricultural disaster, yet how it affects the vulnerability of maize and wheat production in combination with several co-varying factors (i.e., phenological phases, agro-climatic regions, soil texture) remains unclear. Using a data synthesis approach, this study aims to better characterize the effects of those co-varying factors with drought and to provide critical information on minimizing yield loss. We collected data from peer-reviewed publications between 1980 and 2015 which examined maize and wheat yield responses to drought using field experiments. We performed unweighted analysis using the log response ratio to calculate the bootstrapped confidence limits of yield responses and calculated drought sensitivities with regards to those co-varying factors. Our results showed that yield reduction varied with species, with wheat having lower yield reduction (20.6%) compared to maize (39.3%) at approximately 40% water reduction. Maize was also more sensitive to drought than wheat, particularly during reproductive phase and equally sensitive in the dryland and non-dryland regions. While no yield difference was observed among regions or different soil texture, wheat cultivation in the dryland was more prone to yield loss than in the non-dryland region. Informed by these results, we discuss potential causes and possible approaches that may minimize drought impacts.
The impact of grazing on seedling patterns in degraded sparse‐elm grassland
(Wiley, 2018) Wang, Yongcui; Chu, Lei; Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Lin, Jixiang; MuSa, Ala; Earth Sciences, School of Science
Over‐grazing by livestock in semi‐arid ecosystems is one of the main causes of desertification. Although over‐grazing presents a global environmental challenge, only a few studies have investigated grazing impacts on the composition of species and functional groups of seedling bank. In this study, we determined whether the composition of seedling species and functional groups, as well as the correlations between the seedlings of sparse‐elm (Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa or U. pumila) and other species changed under three grazing intensities in the degraded sparse‐elm grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. Species composition and abundance of established seedlings were surveyed and the relationships between seedlings of U. pumila and other species were analyzed. The results showed that plant communities under moderate grazing were more stable than the other two grazing intensities due to higher seedling density, higher species richness and higher number of perennial herbs. Seedlings of U. pumila could even prevent noxious seedlings growth under moderate grazing. We concluded that moderate grazing could benefit the recovery of this sparse‐elm grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land.
Impacts of no-tillage management on nitrate loss from corn, soybean and wheat cultivation: A meta-analysis
(Nature Publishing group, 2017-09-21) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André; Earth Science, School of Science
Although no-till (NT) has been promoted as an alternative land management practice to conventional tillage (CT), its impact on water quality, especially nitrate (NO3 −) loss remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare NO3 − concentration and load in NT and CT systems via two major transport pathways: runoff and leaching. Rainfall variability, aridity, soil texture, tillage duration, crop species, and fertilizer type were used as co-varying factors. In comparison to CT, NT resulted in an overall increase of runoff NO3 − concentration, but similar runoff NO3 − load. In contrast, leachate NO3 − load was greater under NT than under CT, although leachate NO3 − concentration was similar under both tillage practices, indicating that the effect of NT on NO3 − load was largely determined by changes in water flux. Some deviations from these overall trends, however, were recorded with different co-varying variables. In comparison to CT, NT, for example, generated lower leachate NO3 − concentration and similar (instead of elevated) NO3 − leachate load from soybean fields (no N fertilizer applied). These results suggest NT needs to be complemented with other practices (e.g., cover crops, reduced N rate, split N application) in order to improve soil N retention and water quality benefits.

Browsing by Author "Daryanto, Stefani"

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