IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Subject "Diet"

Browsing by Subject "Diet"

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Adverse effects of autoclaved diets on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder in rats
(Karger, 2020) Biruete, Annabel; Srinivasan, Shruthi; O’Neill, Kalisha D.; Vorland, Colby J.; Hill Gallant, Kathleen M.; Cai, Weijing; Uribarri, Jaime; Johnston, Nancy; Allen, Matthew R.; Chen, Neal X.; Moe, Sharon M.; Medicine, School of Medicine
Background: Autoclaving rodent diets is common in laboratory animals, but autoclaving increases the formation of dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGE). We studied the effect of autoclaved (AC) diet alone or in combination with a diet high in bioavailable phosphorus on biochemistries of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), intestinal gene expression, and oxidative stress. Methods: Male CKD rats (Cy/+) and normal littermates were fed 1 of 3 diets: AC 0.7% phosphorus grain-based diet for 28 weeks (AC); AC diet for 17 weeks followed by non-autoclaved (Non-AC) 0.7% phosphorus casein diet until 28 weeks (AC + Casein); or Non-AC diet for 16 weeks followed by a Non-AC purified diet until 30 weeks (Non-AC + Casein). Results: AC diets contained ~3× higher AGEs and levels varied depending on the location within the autoclave. Rats fed the AC and AC + Casein diets had higher total AGEs and oxidative stress, irrespective of kidney function. Kidney function was more severely compromised in CKD rats fed AC or AC + Casein compared to Non-AC + Casein. There was a disease-by-diet interaction for plasma phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and c-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23, driven by high values in the CKD rats fed the AC + Casein diet. Compared to Non-AC + Casein, AC and AC + Casein-fed groups had increased expression of receptor of AGEs and intestinal NADPH oxidase dual oxidase-2, independent of kidney function. Conclusions: Autoclaving rodent diets impacts the progression of CKD and CKD-MBD, highlighting the critical importance of standardizing diets in experiments.
Advertisement with illustration of garden vegetables and text emphasizing the importance of eating more vegetables and fruit, and less meat.
(Indiana State Board of Health, 1915-06)
[Text in capital letters within image] Health First. For health eat little meat and eat more freely of fruit and vegetables.
Caffeine Intake, Coffee Consumption, and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015-11) Wu, Shaowei; Han, Jiali; Song, Fengju; Cho, Eunyoung; Gao, Xiang; Hunter, David J.; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
BACKGROUND: Caffeine has been shown to prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced carcinogenesis and to inhibit growth of melanoma cells in experimental studies. We evaluated the association among caffeine intake, coffee consumption, and melanoma risk among three large cohort studies. METHODS: The analysis used data from 89,220 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009), 74,666 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2008), and 39,424 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of melanoma associated with dietary intakes. RESULTS: We documented 2,254 melanoma cases over 4 million person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for other risk factors, higher total caffeine intake was associated with a lower risk of melanoma (≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.96; Ptrend = 0.048). The association was more apparent in women (≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.58, 0.85; Ptrend = 0.001) than in men (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.2; Ptrend = 0.81), and more apparent for melanomas occurring on body sites with higher continuous sun exposure (head, neck, and extremities; ≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.86; Ptrend = 0.001) than for melanomas occurring on body sites with lower continuous sun exposure (trunk including shoulder, back, hip, abdomen, and chest; HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.2; Ptrend = 0.60). This pattern of association was similar to that for caffeinated coffee consumption, whereas no association was found for decaffeinated coffee consumption and melanoma risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing caffeine intake and caffeinated coffee consumption is associated with decreased risk of cutaneous malignant melanomas.
Cancer survivors' uptake and adherence in diet and exercise intervention trials: an integrative data analysis
(Wiley, 2015-01-01) Adams, Rebecca N.; Mosher, Catherine E.; Blair, Cindy K.; Snyder, Denise C.; Sloane, Richard; Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy; Department of Psychology, School of Science
BACKGROUND: The health benefits of diet and exercise interventions for cancer survivors are well documented. However, little is known regarding demographic and medical predictors of survivors' willingness to participate in diet and exercise intervention trials, study enrollment, intervention adherence, and study completion. To assist in interpreting the generalizability of trial findings and to improve the design of future trials, this study examined predictors of these process measures. METHODS: An integrative data analysis was performed on data from 3 of the largest home-based diet and exercise intervention trials for cancer survivors (n = 23,841). Demographic and medical factors (ie, sex, race, age, time since diagnosis, and cancer type) were examined as predictors of willingness to participate, study enrollment, intervention adherence, and study completion in the pooled sample. A 99% confidence interval was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: Across trials, 11.1% of contacted survivors were willing to participate, and 5.7% were eligible and enrolled. Among enrollees, 53.4% demonstrated ≥75% adherence to the intervention, and 91.1% completed the study. Race (Caucasian vs others), age, time since diagnosis, and cancer type predicted survivors' willingness to participate (P < .01). All examined predictors were associated with the likelihood of study enrollment (P < .01). No significant predictors of intervention adherence or study completion were found among study enrollees (P ≥ .01). CONCLUSIONS: Cancer survivors' demographic and medical characteristics predicted their interest and participation in diet and exercise intervention trials. These findings have implications for the generalizability of results and can help to guide procedures used in future trials to enhance patient representation.
Clinically Actionable Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
(Elsevier, 2018-07) Harlow, Kathryn E.; Africa, Jonathan A.; Wells, Alan; Belt, Patricia H.; Behling, Cynthia A.; Jain, Ajay K.; Molleston, Jean P.; Newton, Kimberly P.; Rosenthal, Philip; Vos, Miriam B.; Xanthakos, Stavra A.; Lavine, Joel E.; Schwimmer, Jeffrey B.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
OBJECTIVE: To determine the percentage of children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in whom intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides was indicated based on National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter, longitudinal cohort study included children with NAFLD enrolled in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network. Fasting lipid profiles were obtained at diagnosis. Standardized dietary recommendations were provided. After 1 year, lipid profiles were repeated and interpreted according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction. Main outcomes were meeting criteria for clinically actionable dyslipidemia at baseline, and either achieving lipid goal at follow-up or meeting criteria for ongoing intervention. RESULTS: There were 585 participants, with a mean age of 12.8 years. The prevalence of children warranting intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline was 14%. After 1 year of recommended dietary changes, 51% achieved goal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 27% qualified for enhanced dietary and lifestyle modifications, and 22% met criteria for pharmacologic intervention. Elevated triglycerides were more prevalent, with 51% meeting criteria for intervention. At 1 year, 25% achieved goal triglycerides with diet and lifestyle changes, 38% met criteria for advanced dietary modifications, and 37% qualified for antihyperlipidemic medications. CONCLUSIONS: More than one-half of children with NAFLD met intervention thresholds for dyslipidemia. Based on the burden of clinically relevant dyslipidemia, lipid screening in children with NAFLD is warranted. Clinicians caring for children with NAFLD should be familiar with lipid management.
Diet and exercise intervention adherence and health-related outcomes among older long-term breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors
(Springer, 2014-10) Winger, Joseph G.; Mosher, Catherine E.; Rand, Kevin L.; Morey, Miriam C.; Snyder, Denise C.; Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy; Department of Psychology, School of Science
BACKGROUND: Diet and exercise interventions for cancer survivors result in health benefits; however, few studies have examined health outcomes in relation to adherence. PURPOSE: We examined associations between adherence to components of a diet-exercise intervention and survivors' physical and mental health. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial tested a telephone and mailed print intervention among 641 older, overweight, long-term survivors of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Dietary and exercise behaviors were assessed at 14 time points throughout the year-long intervention; health outcomes were examined postintervention. RESULTS: Telephone session attendance had significant indirect relationships with health outcomes through intervention-period exercise and dietary behavior. Attendance showed positive indirect relationships with physical function (β = 0.11, p < 0.05), basic and advanced lower extremity function (β = 0.10, p < 0.05/β = 0.09, p < 0.05), and mental health (β = 0.05, p < 0.05), and a negative indirect relationship with body mass index (β = -0.06, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Session attendance is vital in facilitating improvement in health behaviors and attendant outcomes (Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT00303875).
Diet and exercise intervention adherence and health-related outcomes among older long-term breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors
(2013) Winger, Joseph G.; Mosher, Catherine E.; Rand, Kevin L.; Stewart, Jesse C.; Grahame, Nicholas J.
Given the numerous benefits of a healthy diet and exercise for cancer survivors, there has been an increase in the number of lifestyle intervention trials for this population in recent years. However, the extent to which adherence to a diet and exercise intervention predicts health-related outcomes among cancer survivors is currently unknown. To address this question, data from the Reach out to ENhancE Wellness in Older Cancer Survivors (RENEW) diet and exercise intervention trial were analyzed. RENEW was a yearlong telephone and mailed print intervention for 641 older (>65 years of age), overweight (body mass index: 25.0-39.9), long-term (>5 years post-diagnosis) survivors of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. Participants were randomized to the diet and exercise intervention or a delayed-intervention control condition. The RENEW telephone counseling sessions were based on determinants of behavior derived from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (e.g., building social support, enhancing self-efficacy). These factors have been hypothesized to improve health behaviors, which in turn should improve health outcomes. Thus, drawing on SCT and prior diet and exercise research with cancer survivors, I hypothesized that telephone counseling session attendance would be indirectly related to health-related outcomes (i.e., physical function, basic and advanced lower extremity function, mental health, and body mass index) through intervention-period strength and endurance exercise and dietary behavior (i.e., fruit and vegetable intake, saturated fat intake). The proposed model showed good fit to the data; however, not all of the hypothesized relationships were supported. Specifically, increased telephone counseling session attendance was related to engagement in all of the health behaviors over the intervention period. In turn, (a) increased endurance exercise was related to improvement in all of the health-related outcomes with the exception of mental health; (b) increased strength exercise was solely related to improved mental health; (c) increased fruit and vegetable intake was only related to improved basic lower extremity function; and (d) saturated fat intake was not related to any of the health-related outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that SCT determinants of behavior and the importance of session attendance should continue to be emphasized in diet and exercise interventions. Continued exploration of the relationship between adherence to a diet and exercise intervention and health-related outcomes will inform the development of more cost-effective and efficacious interventions for cancer and other medical populations.
Dietary factors and risk for advanced prostate cancer
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014-03) Gathirua-Mwangi, Wambui G.; Zhang, Jianjun; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Although some nutrients have been linked to the development of total prostate cancer, it remains unclear whether these nutrients modulate the risk of its clinically significant form - advanced tumor. Therefore, this study sought to perform a systematic review of the literature on this topic. The papers reviewed were identified from PubMed using keywords diet and advanced, metastatic, or lethal prostate cancer. A total of 46 papers published until September 2012 met our eligibility criteria and thus were evaluated in this review. Epidemiologic studies have shown that, overall, the habitual consumption of a diet high in saturated fat, well-done meats, and calcium is associated with an increased risk for advanced prostate cancer. An inconsistent association was observed for intake of total meat, fruits, and vegetables. Although most case-control studies suggest that intake of these nutrients or foods significantly alters advanced prostate cancer risk, cohort studies yielded mixed results. No apparent effect of fish and zinc intake on advanced prostate cancer was found in most epidemiologic studies. Epidemiologic studies conducted to date have revealed that some dietary factors modulate the risk for advanced prostate cancer. If these findings are confirmed by more adequately powered epidemiologic studies, especially prospective cohort studies that measure the nutrients and their biochemical indicators, the risk of advanced prostate cancer, which is fatal and thus clinically significant, may be reduced by dietary modification or chemoprevention.
Dietary intake and adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a pilot study
(Maney Publishing, 2014-11) Lieberman, Jesse; Goff, David; Hammond, Flora; Schreiner, Pamela; Norton, H. James; Dulin, Michael; Zhou, Xia; Steffen, Lyn; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, IU School of Medicine
OBJECTIVE: To investigate dietary intake and adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied individuals. DESIGN: A pilot study of dietary intake among a sample of individuals with SCI >1 year ago from a single site compared with able-bodied individuals. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS: One hundred black or white adults aged 38-55 years old with SCI >1 year and 100 age-, sex-, and race-matched adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary intake was assessed by the CARDIA dietary history. Linear regression analysis was used to compare dietary intake between the subjects with SCI and those enrolled in the CARDIA study. Further, adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for dairy, fruits, and vegetables, and whole-grain foods was assessed. RESULTS: Compared with CARDIA participants, participants with SCI consumed fewer daily servings of dairy (2.10 vs. 5.0, P < 0.001), fruit (2.01 vs. 3.64, P = 0.002), and whole grain foods (1.20 vs. 2.44 P = 0.007). For each food group, fewer participants with SCI met the recommended servings compared with the CARDIA participants. Specifically, the participants with SCI and in CARDIA who met the guidelines were, respectively: dairy, 22% vs. 54% (P < 0.001), fruits and vegetables 39% vs. 70% (P = 0.001), and whole-grain foods 8% vs. 69.6% (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with able-bodied individuals, SCI participants consumed fewer daily servings of fruit, dairy, and whole grain foods than proposed by the 2010 Dietary Guideline recommendations. Nutrition education for this population may be warranted.
Effects of Animal Source Food Supplementation on Neurocognitive Outcomes of HIV-Affected Kenyan School-Aged Children: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Intervention Trial
(2016-10-10) Neumann, Charlotte G.; Loo, Kek Khee; Weiss, Robert E.; Sugar, Catherine; Chen, Qiaolin; Rizzo, Shemra; Ettyang, Grace; Ernst, Judith A.
Assess the effects of animal source food (ASF) versus soy versus wheat biscuit supplementation on the neurocognitive performance of HIV-affected, nutritionally at-risk school-aged children in rural Kenya.

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