Browsing by Subject "Gut microbiota"
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Can you cause inflammatory bowel disease with fecal transplantation? A 31-patient case-series of fecal transplantation using stool from a donor who later developed Crohn's disease(Taylor & Francis, 2017-05-04) Fischer, Monika; Bittar, Mohamad; Papa, Eliseo; Kassam, Zain; Smith, Mark; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Dynamic modulation of spleen germinal center reactions by gut bacteria during Plasmodium infection(Cell Press, 2021-05-11) Mandal, Rabindra K.; Denny, Joshua E.; Namazzi, Ruth; Opoka, Robert O.; Datta, Dibyadyuti; John, Chandy C.; Schmidt, Nathan W.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineGut microbiota educate the local and distal immune system in early life to imprint long-term immunological outcomes while maintaining the capacity to dynamically modulate the local mucosal immune system throughout life. It is unknown whether gut microbiota provide signals that dynamically regulate distal immune responses following an extra-gastrointestinal infection. We show here that gut bacteria composition correlated with the severity of malaria in children. Using the murine model of malaria, we demonstrate that parasite burden and spleen germinal center reactions are malleable to dynamic cues provided by gut bacteria. Whereas antibiotic-induced changes in gut bacteria have been associated with immunopathology or impairment of immunity, the data demonstrate that antibiotic-induced changes in gut bacteria can enhance immunity to Plasmodium. This effect is not universal but depends on baseline gut bacteria composition. These data demonstrate the dynamic communications that exist among gut bacteria, the gut-distal immune system, and control of Plasmodium infection.Item Gut microbiota was modulated by moxibustion stimulation in rats with irritable bowel syndrome(Biomed Central, 2018-12-18) Wang, Xiaomei; Qi, Qin; Wang, Yuanyuan; Wu, Huangan; Jin, Xiaoming; Yao, Huan; Jin, Duiyin; Liu, Yanan; Wang, Cun; Anatomy and Cell Biology, IU School of MedicineBackground: The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is closely related to intestinal dysbacteriosis and can be controlled by moxibustion treatment. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic value of moxibustion in IBS treatment remains unknown. Methods: An IBS rat model was established by colorectal distention (CRD) stimulus and mustard oil clyster. Sixty-five male rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal, IBS model, moxibustion, electroacupuncture (EA), Bifid-triple Viable Capsule (BTVC) and Pinaverium Bromide (PB) groups. The moxibustion group was treated with mild moxibustion at the bilateral Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) for 10 min/day for 7 days, the EA group was given EA at ST25 and ST37 once daily for 7 days, while the BTVC group and PB groups received Bifid-triple Viable Capsule and Pinaverium Bromide solution (at the proportion of 1:0.018) respectively by gavage once daily for 7 days. After the treatment, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores were determined based on CRD stimulus, gut microbiota profiling was conducted by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results: Irritable bowel syndrome model rats had significantly increased AWR scores at all intensities (20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg) compared with the normal group. Moxibustion treatment significantly reduced AWR scores compared with the IBS model group at all intensities. Across all groups the most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Candidatus Saccharibacteria. At genus level IBS model rats had a higher abundance of Prevotella, Bacteroides and Clostridium XI and a lower abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridium XIVa compared with normal rats. These changes in microbiota profiles could however be reversed by moxibustion treatment. Alpha diversity was decreased in IBS model rats compared with normal rats, yet significantly increased in moxibustion- and PB-treated rats compared with IBS rats. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that moxibustion treats IBS by modulating the gut microbiota.Item Multi-modal Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Brain Immune Landscape Plasticity during Aging and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis(Elsevier, 2020-12-01) Golomb, Samantha M.; Guldner, Ian H.; Zhao, Anqi; Wang, Qingfei; Palakurthi, Bhavana; Aleksandrovic, Emilija A.; Lopez, Jacqueline A.; Lee, Shaun W.; Yang, Kai; Zhang, Siyuan; Medicine, School of MedicinePhenotypic and functional plasticity of brain immune cells contribute to brain tissue homeostasis and disease. Immune cell plasticity is profoundly influenced by tissue microenvironment cues and systemic factors. Aging and gut microbiota dysbiosis that reshape brain immune cell plasticity and homeostasis has not been fully delineated. Using Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), we analyze compositional and transcriptional changes of the brain immune landscape in response to aging and gut dysbiosis. Discordance between canonical surface-marker-defined immune cell types and their transcriptomes suggest transcriptional plasticity among immune cells. Ly6C+ monocytes predominate a pro-inflammatory signature in the aged brain, while innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) shift toward an ILC2-like profile. Aging increases ILC-like cells expressing a T memory stemness (Tscm) signature, which is reduced through antibiotics-induced gut dysbiosis. Systemic changes due to aging and gut dysbiosis increase propensity for neuroinflammation, providing insights into gut dysbiosis in age-related neurological diseases.Item Oxidized Derivatives of Linoleic Acid in Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome: Is Their Pathogenic Role Modulated by the Genetic Background and the Gut Microbiota?(Mary Ann Liebert, 2018-11-30) Tricò, Domenico; Di Sessa, Anna; Caprio, Sonia; Chalasani, Naga; Liu, Wanqing; Liang, Tiebing; Graf, Joerg; Herzog, Raimund I.; Johnson, Casey D.; Umano, Giuseppina Rosaria; Feldstein, Ariel E.; Santoro, Nicola; Medicine, School of MedicineWe tested whether oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAM) are associated with pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile in 122 obese adolescents. Furthermore, we examined whether genetic and metagenomic factors can modulate plasma OXLAM concentrations by genotyping the fatty acid desaturase 1/2 (FADS) gene and by characterizing the gut microbiota. Subjects with MetS (n = 50) showed higher concentrations of 9- and 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acid (9- and 13-oxo-ODE) than subjects without MetS (n = 72). Both metabolites were associated with an adverse lipoprotein profile that was characterized by elevated very small-dense low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.005) and large very low-density lipoprotein particles (p = 0.01). Plasma 9- and 13-oxo-ODE were higher in subjects carrying the haplotype AA of the FADS gene cluster (p = 0.030 and p = 0.048, respectively). Furthermore, the reduced gut bacterial load was associated with higher 9-oxo-ODE concentrations (p = 0.035). This is the first study showing that high plasma OXLAM concentrations are associated with MetS and suggesting that the leading factors for high plasma concentrations of OXLAM might be the genetic background and the composition of the gut microbiota. In conclusion, high concentrations of 9- and 13-oxo-ODE, which may be the result of a genetic predisposition and a reduced gut bacterial load, are associated with MetS and with a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile in obese adolescents.Item Shifts in the Fecal Microbiota Associated with Adenomatous Polyps(American Association for Cancer Research, 2017-01) Hale, Vanessa L.; Chen, Jun; Johnson, Stephen; Harrington, Sean C.; Yab, Tracy C.; Smyrk, Thomas C.; Nelson, Heidi; Boardman, Lisa A.; Druliner, Brooke R.; Levin, Theodore R.; Rex, Douglas K.; Ahnen, Dennis J.; Lance, Peter; Ahlquist, David A.; Chia, Nicholas; Medicine, School of MedicineBACKGROUND: Adenomatous polyps are the most common precursor to colorectal cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. We sought to learn more about early events of carcinogenesis by investigating shifts in the gut microbiota of patients with adenomas. METHODS: We analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of patients with adenomas (n = 233) and without (n = 547). RESULTS: Multiple taxa were significantly more abundant in patients with adenomas, including Bilophila, Desulfovibrio, proinflammatory bacteria in the genus Mogibacterium, and multiple Bacteroidetes species. Patients without adenomas had greater abundances of Veillonella, Firmicutes (Order Clostridia), and Actinobacteria (family Bifidobacteriales). Our findings were consistent with previously reported shifts in the gut microbiota of colorectal cancer patients. Importantly, the altered adenoma profile is predicted to increase primary and secondary bile acid production, as well as starch, sucrose, lipid, and phenylpropanoid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: These data hint that increased sugar, protein, and lipid metabolism along with increased bile acid production could promote a colonic environment that supports the growth of bile-tolerant microbes such as Bilophilia and Desulfovibrio In turn, these microbes may produce genotoxic or inflammatory metabolites such as H2S and secondary bile acids, which could play a role in catalyzing adenoma development and eventually colorectal cancer. IMPACT: This study suggests a plausible biological mechanism to explain the links between shifts in the microbiota and colorectal cancer. This represents a first step toward resolving the complex interactions that shape the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer and may facilitate personalized therapeutics focused on the microbiota.Item Temporospatial shifts within commercial laboratory mouse gut microbiota impact experimental reproducibility(BMC, 2020-07-03) Mandal, Rabindra K.; Denny, Joshua E.; Waide, Morgan L.; Li, Qingsheng; Bhutiani, Neal; Anderson, Charles D.; Baby, Becca V.; Jala, Venkatakrishna R.; Egilmez, Nejat K.; Schmidt, Nathan W.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineExperimental reproducibility in mouse models is impacted by both genetics and environment. The generation of reproducible data is critical for the biomedical enterprise and has become a major concern for the scientific community and funding agencies alike. Among the factors that impact reproducibility in experimental mouse models is the variable composition of the microbiota in mice supplied by different commercial vendors. Less attention has been paid to how the microbiota of mice supplied by a particular vendor might change over time. Results In the course of conducting a series of experiments in a mouse model of malaria, we observed a profound and lasting change in the severity of malaria in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii; while for several years mice obtained from a specific production suite of a specific commercial vendor were able to clear the parasites effectively in a relatively short time, mice subsequently shipped from the same unit suffered much more severe disease. Gut microbiota analysis of frozen cecal samples identified a distinct and lasting shift in bacteria populations that coincided with the altered response of the later shipments of mice to infection with malaria parasites. Germ-free mice colonized with cecal microbiota from mice within the same production suite before and after this change followed by Plasmodium infection provided a direct demonstration that the change in gut microbiota profoundly impacted the severity of malaria. Moreover, spatial changes in gut microbiota composition were also shown to alter the acute bacterial burden following Salmonella infection, and tumor burden in a lung tumorigenesis model. Conclusion These changes in gut bacteria may have impacted the experimental reproducibility of diverse research groups and highlight the need for both laboratory animal providers and researchers to collaborate in determining the methods and criteria needed to stabilize the gut microbiota of animal breeding colonies and research cohorts, and to develop a microbiota solution to increase experimental rigor and reproducibility.