Browsing by Subject "Trends"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Caesarean birth by maternal request: a poorly understood phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-01-14) Harrison, Margo S.; Garces, Ana; Figueroa, Lester; Esamai, Fabian; Bucher, Sherri; Bose, Carl; Goudar, Shivaprasad; Derman, Richard; Patel, Archana; Hibberd, Patricia L.; Chomba, Elwyn; Mwenechanya, Miusaku; Hambidge, Michael; Krebs, Nancy F.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: While trends in caesarean birth by maternal request in low- and middle-income countries are unclear, age, education, multiple gestation and hypertensive disease appear associated with the indication when compared with caesarean birth performed for medical indications. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospectively collected population-based study of home and facility births using descriptive statistics, bivariate comparisons and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. Results: Of 28 751 patients who underwent caesarean birth and had a documented primary indication for the surgery, 655 (2%) were attributed to caesarean birth by maternal request. The remaining 98% were attributed to maternal and foetal indications and prior caesarean birth. In a multilevel mixed effects logistic regression adjusted for site and cluster of birth, when compared with caesareans performed for medical indications, caesarean birth performed for maternal request had a higher odds of being performed among women ≥35 y of age, with a university or higher level of education, with multiple gestations and with pregnancies complicated by hypertension (P < 0.01). Caesarean birth by maternal request was associated with a two-times increased odds of breastfeeding within 1 h of delivery, but no adverse outcomes (when compared with women who underwent caesarean birth for medical indications; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Caesarean performed by maternal request is more common in older and more educated women and those with multifoetal gestation or hypertensive disease. It is also associated with higher rates of breastfeeding within 1 h of delivery.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Community Conditions Favorable for Substance Use
    (The Center for Health Policy, 2018-04-01) Jacinto, Corey; Greene, Marion S.
    The probability of whether an individual engages in substance use is associated with several risk and protective factors. Effective prevention requires understanding these factors. The social-ecological model considers the complex interactions between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. This can help us understand substance use in a public health context and design strategies to address the problem across multiple levels.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Giving Environment: New Models to Engage Donors
    (IU Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2022-01-26) Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    Today, donor retention remains a challenge and an opportunity for many nonprofit organizations. The onset of virtual interactions and engagement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, supports the need for enticing, digital content that effectively present nonprofit organizations’ impact and their ongoing need for support. The second report in this series, Focus Group Research on US Donor Participation, highlighted the growing donor demand for increased engagement and education, and the need to demonstrate impact clearly. Subscription-based giving presents an opportunity to retain donors through curated content and engagement. The model also helps nonprofit organizations develop best practices and a strong culture around more personalized donor relationships and engagement that complements the organization’s efforts and mission.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Giving Environment: Understanding How Donors Make Giving Decisions
    (IU Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2022-01-26) Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    This report is the second in this report series. The goal of the series is to provide data and analysis to better understand the causes and implications of the decline in donor participation shortly before the significant societal changes that took place in the United States in 2020, while also exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the movements for social and racial justice on individuals giving decisions moving forward.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Giving Environment: Understanding How Donors Make Giving Decisions (Infographic)
    (IU Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2022-01-26) Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Substance Abuse Trends in Indiana: A 10-Year Perspective
    (The Center for Health Policy, 2017-04-01) Balio, Casey; Greene, Marion S.
    Substance use is a significant public health problem in the United States. Excessive use of alcohol and drugs has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular conditions; injuries and motor vehicle crashes; sexually transmitted and blood-borne illnesses, including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C, resulting from risky sexual behaviors and/or injection drug use; pregnancy complications and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS); and drug overdoses [5, 6].