Browsing by Subject "basal cell carcinoma"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Cumulative ultraviolet radiation flux in adulthood and risk of incident skin cancers in women
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2014-04-01) Wu, S; Han, J; Vleugels, R A; Puett, R; Laden, F; Hunter, D J; Qureshi, A A; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Background: Solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure estimated based on residential history has been used as a sun exposure indicator in previous case–control and descriptive studies. However, the associations of cumulative UV exposure based on residential history with different skin cancers, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), have not been evaluated simultaneously in prospective studies. Methods: We conducted a cohort study among 108 578 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1976–2006) to evaluate the relative risks of skin cancers with cumulative UV flux based on residential history in adulthood. Results: Risk of SCC and BCC was significantly lower for women in lower quintiles vs the highest quintile of cumulative UV flux (both P for trend <0.0001). The association between cumulative UV flux and risk of melanoma did not reach statistical significance. However, risk of melanoma appeared to be lower among women in lower quintiles vs the highest quintile of cumulative UV flux in lag analyses with 2–10 years between exposure and outcome. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios per 200 × 10−4 Robertson–Berger units increase in cumulative UV flux were 0.979 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.933, 1.028) for melanoma, 1.072 (95% CI: 1.041, 1.103) for SCC, and 1.043 (95% CI: 1.034, 1.052) for BCC. Conclusions: Associations with cumulative UV exposure in adulthood among women differed for melanoma, SCC, and BCC, suggesting a potential variable role of UV radiation in adulthood in the carcinogenesis of the three major skin cancers.
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    Distinct transcriptomic landscapes of cutaneous basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas
    (Elsevier, 2019) Wan, Jun; Dai, Hongji; Zhang, Xiaoli; Liu, Sheng; Lin, Yuan; Somani, Ally-Khan; Xie, Jingwu; Han, Jiali; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine
    The majority of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are also called keratinocyte carcinomas, as both of them originate from keratinocytes. The incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas is over 5 million per year in the US, three-fold higher than the total incidence of all other types of cancer combined. While there are several reports on gene expression profiling of BCC and SCC, there are significant variations in the reported gene expression changes in different studies. One reason is that tumor-adjacent normal skin specimens were not included in many studies as matched controls. Furthermore, while numerous studies of skin stem cells in mouse models have been reported, their relevance to human skin cancer remains unknown. In this report, we analyzed gene expression profiles of paired specimens of keratinocyte carcinomas with their matched normal skin tissues as the control. Among several novel findings, we discovered a significant number of zinc finger encoding genes up-regulated in human BCC. In BCC, a novel link was found between hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling, and the cilium. While the SCC cancer-stem-cell gene signature is shared between human and mouse SCCs, the hair follicle stem-cell signature of mice was not highly represented in human SCC. Differential gene expression (DEG) in human BCC shares gene signature with both bulge and epidermal stem cells. We have also determined that human BCCs and SCCs have distinct gene expression patterns, and some of them are not fully reflected in current mouse models.
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    Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and risk of melanoma: A meta-analysis
    (Elsevier, 2017-09) Tang, Huilin; Wu, Wenting; Fu, Shuangshuang; Zhai, Suodi; Song, Yiqing; Han, Jiali; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Background The association between phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors and melanoma risk is controversial. Objective We quantify the association between use of PDE5 inhibitors and melanoma. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies that were conducted up to July 13, 2016, and evaluated the association between PDE5 inhibitors and skin cancer. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Five observational studies were included. Compared with PDE5 inhibitor nonuse, PDE5 inhibitor use was slightly but significantly associated with an increased risk for development of melanoma (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21) and basal cell carcinoma (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.19) but not squamous cell carcinoma. For melanoma risk, none of the prespecified factors (dose of PDE5 inhibitor, study design, and study region) significantly affected the results (P > .05). Our sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Limitations We included only observational studies, which had some heterogeneities and inconsistent controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions Use of PDE5 inhibitors may be associated with a slightly increased risk for development of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma. However, further large well-conducted prospective studies with adequate adjustment for potential confounders are required for confirmation.
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    Use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of keratinocyte carcinoma: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
    (Wiley, 2018-03) Tang, Huilin; Fu, Shuangshuang; Zhai, Suodi; Song, Yiqing; Asgari, Maryam M.; Han, Jiali; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Purpose Current epidemiologic evidence on the association between antihypertensive drugs and keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) risk is inconsistent. We sought to quantify this association by meta‐analysis of observational studies. Methods We systematically reviewed observational studies published through August 2016 and reported the KC risk (basal cell carcinoma [BCC] and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) associated with antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta‐adrenergic blocking agents (β‐blockers), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Ten eligible studies were included. Compared with nonuse, diuretic use was significantly associated with increased risk of both BCC (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.20) and SCC (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.66). Use of β‐blockers or CCBs was associated with increased risk of BCC (but not SCC); the OR with β‐blockers was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.04‐1.15) and with CCBs was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09‐1.21). Use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs was associated with decreased risk of both BCC (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.71) and SCC (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.80) in high‐risk individuals. Conclusions Current evidence indicates that use of diuretics might be associated with increased risk of KC, while ACE inhibitors or ARBs might be associated with decreased risk in high‐risk individuals. β‐blockers or CCBs might be positively associated with BCC risk. Further postmarketing surveillance studies and investigations to clarify the possible underlying mechanisms are warranted.