Two-hour long developmental teaching interviews were conducted with each of 14 sixth grade students, ages 11–12. The purposes of the interviews were to investigate how students solved arrangement problems (APs), and how their solutions of these problems differed from their solution of Cartesian product problems (CPPs). The 14 students represented a balanced mix of students operating with each of three different multiplicative concepts that have been identified in prior research. This paper reports on the 11 students who were using the first or second multiplicative concept. Students operating with different multiplicative concepts all experienced similar perturbing elements in their solution of APs relative to their solution of CPPs, but they operated differently to resolve these perturbing elements. These differences are identified and their significance discussed in relation to other research findings on students’ combinatorial and multiplicative reasoning.