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Item Research Bites: How does a person with knee osteoarthritis do HIIT?(Wolters Kluwer, 2021) Yoke, Mary M.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesItem Research Bites: COVID-19 and physical activity maintenance(Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Yoke, Mary; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesItem Research Bites: Class III Obesity: What are the benefits and barriers of exercise?(Wolters Kluwer, 2021) Yoke, Mary M.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesItem CourseNetworking: How a Social Media Platform Can Connect Us in a Crisis(IUScholarworks Journals, 2021-04-09) Scherzinger, Lamia Nuseibeh; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesThese are statements taken directly from my students this semester. How was I able to have my students open up so intimately and honestly? I use CourseNetworking, an academic social networking platform that can be integrated into Canvas, and have done so for years. I first started using it as a chance to get to know my students more since I never get to meet them face-to-face, often posting what we did over the weekend, our favorite TV shows and books, and discuss topics from the classroom that have popped up in everyday life. Then the pandemic hit and my students’ lives were turned upside down. Some were forced to move out of their campus housing, many lost their jobs, and all them had their classes go completely online. Campus leadership constantly worries how this pandemic might be affecting our students. We are told to reach out and let the students know we are here for them. We are encouraged to have frequent communication with them. And with CourseNetworking, this was already in place in my classes at the beginning of the semester. I have been able to reach out to my students each week and ask them how they are doing, and they are able to share with others how much their lives have changed. And thanks to a social media platform, my students and I are scared together, we are overwhelmed together, and we are alone together. But we are together.Item Nitric oxide and skeletal muscle contractile function(Elsevier, 2022-05) Kumar, Ravi; Coggan, Andrew R.; Ferreira, Leonardo F.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesNitric oxide (NO) is complex modulator of skeletal muscle contractile function, capable of increasing or decreasing force and power output depending on multiple factors. This review explores the effects and potential mechanisms for modulation of skeletal muscle contractile function by NO, from pharmacological agents in isolated muscle preparations to dietary nitrate supplementation in humans and animals. Pharmacological manipulation in vitro suggests that NO signaling diminishes submaximal isometric force, whereas dietary manipulation in vivo suggest that NO enhances submaximal force. The bases for these different responses are unknown but could reflect dose-dependent effects. Maximal isometric force is unaffected by physiologically relevant levels of NO, which do not induce overt protein oxidation. Pharmacological and dietary manipulation of NO signaling enhances the maximal rate of isometric force development, unloaded shortening velocity, and peak power. We hypothesize that these effects are mediated by post-translational modifications of myofibrillar proteins that modulate thick filament regulation of contraction (e.g., mechanosensing and strain-dependence of cross-bridge kinetics). NO effects on contractile function appear to have some level of fiber type and sex-specificity. The mechanisms behind NO-mediated changes in skeletal muscle function need to be explored through proteomics analysis and advanced biophysical assays to advance the development of small molecules and open intriguing therapeutic and ergogenic possibilities for aging, disease, and athletic performance.Item An Exploratory Study of Endogenous Pain Modulatory Function in Patients Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury(Oxford University Press, 2019-11-01) Carey, Christopher; Saxe, Jonathan; White, Fletcher A.; Naugle, Kelly M.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesBackground: Recent animal research suggests that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) facilitates abnormal endogenous modulation of pain, potentially underlying the increased risk for persistent headaches following injury. However, no human studies have directly assessed the functioning of endogenous facilitory and inhibitory systems in the early stages after an mTBI. Objective: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine trigeminal sensitization and endogenous pain inhibitory capacity in mTBI patients in the acute stage of injury compared with matched controls. We also examined whether post-traumatic headache pain intensity within the mTBI sample was related to sensitization and pain inhibitory capacity. Methods: Twenty-four mTBI patients recruited from emergency departments and 21 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls completed one experimental session. During this session, participants completed quantitative sensory tests measuring trigeminal sensitization (pressure pain thresholds and temporal summation of pain in the head) and endogenous pain inhibition (conditioned pain modulation). Participants also completed validated questionnaires measuring headache pain, depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing. Results: The results revealed that the mTBI group exhibited significantly decreased pressure pain thresholds of the head and decreased pain inhibition on the conditioned pain modulation test compared with the control group. Furthermore, correlational analysis showed that the measures of trigeminal sensitization and depression were significantly associated with headache pain intensity within the mTBI group. Conclusions: In conclusion, mTBI patients may be at risk for maladaptive changes to the functioning of endogenous pain modulatory systems following head injury that could increase risk for post-traumatic headaches.Item The role of deficient pain modulatory systems in the development of persistent post-traumatic headaches following mild traumatic brain injury: an exploratory longitudinal study(BMC, 2020-12-03) Naugle, Kelly M.; Carey, Christopher; Evans, Eric; Saxe, Jonathan; Overman, Ryan; White, Fletcher A.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesBackground: Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most common and long-lasting symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the pathological mechanisms underlying the development of persistent PTH remain poorly understood. The primary purpose of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate whether early pain modulatory profiles (sensitization and endogenous pain inhibitory capacity) and psychological factors after mild TBI predict the development of persistent PTH in mild TBI patients. Methods: Adult mild TBI patients recruited from Level I Emergency Department Trauma Centers completed study sessions at 1-2 weeks, 1-month, and 4-months post mild TBI. Participants completed the following outcome measures during each session: conditioned pain modulation to measure endogenous pain inhibitory capacity, temporal summation of pain and pressure pain thresholds of the head to measure sensitization of the head, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale, and a standardized headache survey. Participants were classified into persistent PTH (PPTH) and no-PPTH groups based on the 4-month data. Results: The results revealed that mild TBI patients developing persistent PTH exhibited significantly diminished pain inhibitory capacity, and greater depression and pain catastrophizing following injury compared to those who do not develop persistent PTH. Furthermore, logistic regression indicated that headache pain intensity at 1-2 weeks and pain inhibitory capacity on the conditioned pain modulation test at 1-2 weeks predicted persistent PTH classification at 4 months post injury. Conclusions: Overall, the results suggested that persistent PTH is characterized by dysfunctional alterations in endogenous pain modulatory function and psychological processes in the early stages following mild TBI, which likely exacerbate risk for the maintenance of PTH.Item Beetroot supplementation in women enjoying exercise together (BEE SWEET): Rationale, design and methods(Elsevier, 2020-03-21) Baranauskas, Marissa N.; Altherr, Cody A.; Gruber, Allison H.; Coggan, Andrew R.; Raglin, John S.; Gupta, Samir K.; Carter, Stephen J.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesBackground: Postmenopausal women exhibit higher rates of disability and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with aging compared to men. Whereas habitual exercise training is a known strategy to enhance physiologic function in men and premenopausal women, exercise-related adaptations are often modest in postmenopausal women. We propose dietary nitrate (beetroot juice) administered prior to exercise training may be a feasible approach to improve mobility and cardio-metabolic health outcomes in postmenopausal women. Methods: Our randomized, placebo-controlled study aims to determine preliminary effects sizes for changes in functional mobility and endothelium-dependent vasodilation across three study arms: exercise only (EX), exercise + placebo (EX + PL), and exercise + beetroot (EX + BR). Thirty-six postmenopausal women are recruited in small cohorts wherein group exercise is implemented to facilitate social support and adherence to an 8-week training progression. Participants are randomized to one of three study arms (n = 12 per group) following baseline assessments. Post-intervention assessments are used to determine pre-post changes in outcome measures including distance covered during a 6 min walk test, walking economy, muscle speed and power, and endothelial-dependent vasodilation as determined by flow-mediated dilation. Measures of feasibility include recruitment, retention, adherence to exercise prescription, perceived exercise session difficulty, and adverse event rates. Discussion: Evidence-based, translational strategies are needed to optimize exercise training-related adaptations in postmenopausal women. Findings will inform larger randomized clinical trials to determine if pre-exercise consumption of beetroot juice is an efficacious strategy to promote mobility and attenuate CVD disease risk.Item Flipping the Annual Faculty Review: Designing a Faculty-Centered Process(Wiley, 2020) Urtel, Mark; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesItem Evidence for impaired chronotropic responses to and recovery from 6‐minute walk test in women with post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome(Wiley, 2021) Baranauskas, Marissa N.; Carter, Stephen J.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human SciencesThe short-term cardiopulmonary manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are well defined. However, the implications of cardiopulmonary sequelae, persisting beyond acute illness, on physical function are largely unknown. Herein, we characterized heart rate responses to and recovery from a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in women ∼3 months after mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with non-infected control subjects. Forty-five women (n = 29 SARS-CoV-2; n = 16 controls; age = 56 ± 11 years; body mass index = 25.8 ± 6.0 kg/m2) completed pulmonary function testing and a 6MWT. The SARS-CoV-2 participants demonstrated reduced total lung capacity (84 ± 8 vs. 93 ± 13%; P = 0.006), vital capacity (87 ± 10 vs. 93 ± 10%; P = 0.040), functional residual capacity (75 ± 16 vs. 88 ± 16%; P = 0.006) and residual volume (76 ± 18 vs. 93 ± 22%; P = 0.001) compared with control subjects. No between-group differences were observed in 6MWT distance (P = 0.194); however, the increase in heart rate with exertion was attenuated among SARS-CoV-2 participants compared with control subjects (+52 ± 20 vs. +65 ± 18 beats/min; P = 0.029). The decrease in heart rate was also delayed for minutes 1–5 of recovery among SARS-CoV-2 participants (all P < 0.05). Women reporting specific symptoms at the time of testing had greater impairments compared with control subjects and SARS-CoV-2 participants not actively experiencing these symptoms. Our findings provide evidence for marked differences in chronotropic responses to and recovery from a 6MWT in women several months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.