IUPUC Division of Business Scholarship
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Item Columbus forecast 2022(2022) Mohler, Steven H.; Padfield, Jon; Division of Business, IUPUCColumbus metropolitan statistical area (MSA), based primarily on a manufacturing-based economy linked to the transportation industry and light vehicle manufacturing. It has experienced a significant negative economic impact due to COVID 19. With the continuing pandemic, a challenging year for transportation-related durable goods and lower light vehicle sales in North America, Columbus concluded 2020 with higher unemployment than 2019 and is projected with a lower GDP. Current expectations are for the local economy to increase slightly during 2021 in light of mixed economic indicators. This article explores these data, as well as what is anticipated for 2022.Item Special districts and social cohesion: an initial study(Inderscience, 2020) Killian, Larita J.; IUPUC Division of BusinessThe United States is experiencing increased social and economic fragmentation. Various explanations are offered, but an overlooked factor may be increasing reliance on special districts (SDs) to deliver public services. This study draws from ethical discourse theory to investigate the relationship between SDs and social cohesion. Using male incarceration rates as an indicator for levels of social cohesion and marginalization, this study finds that as the different types of SDs within a state increases, male incarceration rates also increase. This initial study does not posit causality. Relying on SDs to deliver public services may lead to reduced social cohesion and increased marginalization, as ethical discourse theory suggests. Alternatively, it may be that reliance on SDs and male incarceration rates are both functions of other factors that reduce social cohesion.Item Financial markets 2020: When will P/E ratios be great again?(IU School of Business, 2019) Brewer, Ryan M.; Trzcinka, Charles; IUPUC Division of BusinessLet's review: The Federal Reserve cut the federal funds rate. This shifted many interest rates down (not the mortgage rate though). More than the damage from tariffs, the uncertainty of what Mr. Trump might do next caused business confidence to fall. This has led to increases in hurdle rates for capital projects across the board, thus slowing capital investment, ultimately yielding slower output that is reflected in roughly 2 percent GDP growth in the last two quarters. President Trump and some in the White House blame the Federal Reserve and Europe for this slump, but neither explanation holds up. * Europe hasn't grown fast for decades, and its 2017 growth bump was helped by faster U.S. growth. * Businesses were not starving for money even before the Fed began cutting rates again this summer. The best sector, communication services, is expected to rise 9.1 percent, while the worst sector, financials, is predicted to rise 1.9 percent. * Year-over-year revenue growth: This is a positive 3.1 percent for the S&P 500 from third quarter 2018 to third quarter 2019, led by health care. * Quarter 3 earnings and revenue "beats": Of the 355 companies in the S&P 500 that have reported for the third quarter of 2019, 76 percent have reported earnings above the mean estimate of analysts (higher than the historical average of 69 percent) and 61 percent have reported revenues above the mean estimate (below the historical average of 66 percent). * IPOs: There have been 140 IPOs (as of October 15) that raised $43 billion. This is down 4 percent over this time last year, but much larger than 2016-2017.Item Indiana’s outlook for 2020(IU School of Business, 2019) Brewer, Ryan M.; Yoon, SunJung; IUPUC Division of BusinessThe government sector also produces about 8 percent of output.8 Over the past year, various media have reported conflicting information about the extent of impacts from tariffs on imports and exports in America. [...]any attempt to accurately quantify the impact of the current trade war on the Indiana economy at this point, would be impossible. [...]with the exception of one year (2009), Indiana has led the nation in manufacturing employment since 1996, when Indiana took the manufacturing mantle from North Carolina (see Table l).9 While nearly one in every five Indiana jobs is in manufacturing, the overweighting in the manufacturing sector is even more pronounced in terms of GSP. Yet, Hoosier farmers (totaling over 94,000 in 2017) as individuals are certainly affected by the trade war.11 According to the Indiana State Department of Agriculture (2019), Indiana was the eighth-largest agricultural exporter in the country as of 2017, the 10th-largest farming state, and in the top five among U.S. states that produce ducks, popcorn, ice cream, tomatoes, pumpkins, turkeys, corn, soybeans, watermelons and hogs. [...]farming accounts for a relatively small number of jobs available to Hoosiers and has been declining for many decades. [...]farming is not an accurate representative to gauge our economic condition in the near future.Item The Effects of Uncertainties on Network Embeddedness and the Mediating Effect of Information Sharing(2016-02) Kang, HyunSeung; Min, Junhong; Lee, JungKookConceptual model that both technology and volume uncertainty promote exchange partners to rely on the network norm of information sharing which is the necessary ingredient of the network embeddedness. Data was collected from the 143 manufacturers in high-tech market in which triadic relationships among the manufacturers (seller), their first vendors (first buyers), and the second vendors (customers of the first buyers) in high-tech markets were particularly focused. Results from the structural equation model and multiple regression analysis reveal that while the technological uncertainty has a positive effect on the network norm of information sharing, the volume uncertainty is not statistically significant. In addition, we find that there existsthe mediator effect of the network norm of information sharing in the relation between the uncertainties and the network embeddedness.Item Corruption Perceptions in the Caucasus: Impediments to Business Activity in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia(2017-12) Lee, JungKook; Wadsworth, Frank H.; Wheat, Jerry; Swartz, BrendaArmenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia were bound together under Soviet direction for most of the twentieth century. When the veneer of centralized control was wiped away in the 1990’s, political, economic, and ethnic differences re-emerged after decades of being suppressed. This paper utilizes the Business Environmental and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) data from 2002, 2005, and 2009 studies gathered by a joint initiative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank to assess the environment for private enterprise and business development in transitioning economies. Crime and Corruption categories of the BEEPS studies were examined teasing out the shades of similarities and differences between and among the three countries. A series of BEEPS questions about “informal gift/payment expectations or requests” for a variety of business services or requirements reveals some of the impediments to conducting business as these countries moved away from a command economy. The paper shows the shifting importance in the 2002-2009 time period of these subtle and not so subtle extraction of payments for businesses both within these three countries and among the three countries. Changes were often not in a consistent pattern; explanations for the inconsistencies are beyond the scope of this paper.The general trend for the three countries showed Georgian firms perceive fewer informal gift/payment expectations or requests than Armenian firms. Armenian firms perceive fewer informal gift/payment expectations or requests than Azerbaijan firms. For example, in 2009 no Georgian firms, 15% of Armenian firms, and 52% of Azerbaijan firms reported an informal gift/payment expectation or request for permit applications. In addition, no Georgian firms, 10% of Armenian firms, and 21% of Azerbaijan firms stated an informal gift/payment was expected or requested when applying for an operating license. Another trend revealed fewer informal gift/payment expectations or requests in 2009 than in 2002. However, occasionally firms reporting such expectations or requests spiked in 2005. For example, in 2002 18% of firms, in 2005 21% of firms, and in 2009 eight percent of firms revealed informal gift/payment expectations or requests for an electrical connection. During tax inspections 53% of firms in 2002, 62% of firms in 2005, and 15% of firms in 2009 received informal gift/payment expectations or requests. Firms considering exporting to these countries should be aware informal gift/payment expectations or requests may be experienced when importing to or setting up joint ventures in these countries. The prudent firm will conduct their own research on local business conditions before doing business in a country. For many issues it appears these corrupt practices may be declining so the outlook in the future is positive.Item Factors Influencing Consumer's Intention to Buy Counterfeit Products(2015) Basu, Mathumita Mukherjee; Basu, Sumit; Lee, JungKookThere are several factors which influence consumers to buy counterfeit products. Today, any product in any nation is vulnerable to this malady. Counterfeits are packaged and labeled to resemble the original brand-name and generic products. Therefore, fake products often illusion the consumers to thinking that they are buying authentic goods. Counterfeits are a real and looming threat to all manufacturers. Counterfeit policing measures are yet to mature and become omnipresent. With this background information, it is noteworthy to observe how the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) could help identify the factors responsible for influencing behavioral intentions of a consumer towards purchasing counterfeit products. The present study reviews existing literature on counterfeit products, identifies potential improvements, and provides further insight into consumer motives behind the purchase of counterfeits. Six primary factors that influence counterfeit purchase have been identified and the TRA has been applied to investigate the impact of these factors on consumer behavioral patterns. The factors are (1) social motivation, (2) personal gratification, (3) perception, (4) value, (5) brand loyalty, and (6) ethics. The ‘influence of society’ and ‘value for money’ have been identified as the top two reasons that motivate consumers to buy fake products based on a survey conducted. A mathematical ‘covariate interactions’ analysis as well as a Chi-square regression analysis corroborated the same finding- identifying the top two factors that most strongly influence a customer’s ‘Intent to purchase’. A logistic regression analysis was run on the survey results that yielded a mathematical expression which can predict how likely a customer is to buy a counterfeit [p(Y)]. The proposed correlation matches the obtained survey data very well.Item Brand Extension Management: Analysis of Industry Trends(2020-06-05) Lee, JungKook; Widdows, RichardIncumbent traditional brands have an initial advantage over new entrants to a market. With traditional brands, marketers have spent many dollars and many years to establish brand awareness and build equity. Building and managing strong brands is considered to be one of the key drivers of success in the hospitality industry. A brand extension strategy is followed when a company uses an established brand name to introduce a new product. This practice has been widely used by a variety of firms to introduce new products. This study views the brand extension from the hotel industry by conducting qualitative research and contributes to research and theory on brand extensions by developing a model in the hotel industry.Item Customers’ Perceived Experiential Value: Case of Social Commerce Context(2019-06) Lee, JungKook; Lee, Yong KiRecently, variety of mobile devices and services are being spread based on a smartphones and SC (social commerce). In particular, the SC services play an important role in building consumer’s shopping experience as well as online shopping mall. Thus, this study examines the effect of perceived experiential value (utilitarian and hedonic value) on emotion, memory, and attitude and loyalty in SC context. In order to achieve these purposes, the author developed several hypotheses. The data was collected from 300 customers who have purchased the products or services in SC and it will be analyzed with SPSS and AMOSItem Columbus forecast 2020(Indiana University, 2019) Mohler, Steve H.; Kelley School of Business - Indianapolis